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Match the following columns and select the correct option.

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
NEET
1

A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i)

2

A-(iii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(ii)

3

A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(iv)

4

A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(i)

Solution:

Let's match the terms in Column-I with their descriptions in Column-II:

  • A. VNTRs (Variable Number Tandem Repeats): These are short DNA sequences (typically 10-60 base pairs long) that are arranged tandemly in many copy numbers. They are highly polymorphic and are a key component used in DNA fingerprinting. Therefore, A matches with (iii) "Small DNA sequence arranged tandemly in many copy numbers".

  • B. ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags): These are short, single-stranded DNA sequences that are derived from mRNA. They represent genes that are actively expressed as RNA in a particular cell or tissue. They are used to identify new genes and map their positions. Therefore, B matches with (i) "Identification of genes expressed as RNA".

  • C. SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms): These are variations in a single nucleotide that occur at a specific position in the genome. They are the most common type of genetic variation among individuals in a population. Therefore, C matches with (iv) "Single base DNA differences in population".

  • D. UTRs (Untranslated Regions): These are segments of mRNA located at the 5' and 3' ends of the coding sequence that are not translated into protein. These regions contain regulatory elements crucial for the efficient translation process and mRNA stability. Therefore, D matches with (ii) "Required for efficient translation process".

Combining these matches:

A - (iii)

B - (i)

C - (iv)

D - (ii)

This combination corresponds to option (2).

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