Which of the following membrane in internal ear is responsible to distinguish between different pitches of the sound?
Solution:
The basilar membrane, located in the cochlea of the internal ear, is crucial for pitch discrimination. Its varying stiffness and width along its length allow different regions to resonate at specific frequencies. High-frequency sounds cause vibrations near the oval window (base), while low-frequency sounds cause vibrations near the apex. This differential vibration stimulates specific hair cells in the organ of Corti, which then transmit signals to the brain, allowing us to perceive different pitches. The tympanic membrane transmits sound vibrations, Reissner's membrane separates fluid compartments, and the tectorial membrane interacts with hair cells but the basilar membrane's resonance property is key to pitch.