Read the following statements about human skeleton system and choose the option that correctly states them true (T) and false (F).

a. Total number of bones in hind limbs are 60

b. There are 26 bones in vertebral column of an adult man

c. There are 2 pairs of vertebrochondral ribs

d. Axial skeleton is comprised of 80 bones

Solution:

Let's evaluate each statement:

a. Total number of bones in hind limbs: Each hind limb has 30 bones (femur, patella, tibia, fibula, 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges). For two hind limbs, the total is 30 + 30 = 60 bones. This statement is True (T).

b. Number of bones in the vertebral column of an adult man: The vertebral column in adults consists of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum (fused), and 1 coccyx (fused), totaling 7 + 12 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 26 bones. This statement is True (T).

c. Number of vertebrochondral ribs: Vertebrochondral ribs (false ribs) are pairs 8, 9, and 10. They are called false ribs because they do not directly articulate with the sternum but join the cartilage of the 7th rib. There are 3 pairs of vertebrochondral ribs, not 2. This statement is False (F).

d. Axial skeleton composition: The axial skeleton consists of the skull (29 bones), vertebral column (26 bones), sternum (1 bone), and ribs (12 pairs or 24 bones). The total number of bones in the axial skeleton is 29 + 26 + 1 + 24 = 80 bones. This statement is True (T).

The correct sequence of truth values for statements a, b, c, and d is T, T, F, T. This matches option (2).