Which system of classification for flowering plants was given by Bentham and Hooker?

Solution:

George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker proposed the Natural System of classification for flowering plants. This system is based on natural affinities among organisms, considering both external (morphological) and internal features (like anatomy, embryology, phytochemistry). It provides a comprehensive and practical classification, widely used in herbaria worldwide.

In contrast:

• Artificial systems (e.g., Linnaeus's system) are based on one or a few superficial morphological characters.

• Phylogenetic systems are based on evolutionary relationships among organisms.

• Cytotaxonomy uses cytological information (like chromosome number, structure, and behavior) for classification.